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Authors
Harkins, Sarah E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2528-7186
Hazi, Arielle K.
Hulchafo, Ismael I.
Kim Scroggins, Jihye
Topaz, Maxim
Barcelona, Veronica https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3070-1716
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Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Revised: 19 September 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 13 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the Columbia University Irving Medical Center Institutional Review Board (IRB AAAT9870), and all the procedures adhered to ethical guidelines. Informed consent was exempt from this study as it was a secondary analysis of electronic health record data.
