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Genetic and environmental effects on weight gain from young adulthood to old age and its association with body mass index in early young adulthood: an individual-based pooled analysis of 16 twin cohorts

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01998-w

Published Online: 2025-12-25

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Obeso, Alvaro https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1739-0408
Drouard, Gabin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3227-8483
Jelenkovic, Aline

Ordoñana, Juan R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7779-6017
Sánchez-Romera, Juan F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5405-6216
Colodro-Conde, Lucía https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9004-364X
Ollikainen, Miina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3661-7400
Aaltonen, Sari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2873-4263
Corley, Robin P.

Huibregtse, Brooke M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0977-7249
Medda, Emanuela

Fagnani, Corrado

Toccaceli, Virgilia

Gatz, Margaret https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1071-9970
Butler, David A.

Bartels, Meike https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9667-7555
Ligthart, Lannie

de Geus, Eco JC https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6022-2666
Christensen, Kaare https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5429-5292
Skytthe, Axel

Kyvik, Kirsten O.

Medland, Sarah E.

Gordon, Scott D.

Rasmussen, Finn E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-7809
Tynelius, Per

Franz, Carol E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8987-1755
Kremen, William S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-5609
Lyons, Michael J.

Spector, Timothy

Mangino, Massimo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2167-7470
Lachance, Genevieve

Magnusson, Patrik KE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7315-7899
Pedersen, Nancy L.

Dahl Aslan, Anna K.

Duncan, Glen E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6909-1869
Buchwald, Dedra

Pyun, Hyojin

Lee, Jooyeon

Lee, Soo Ji https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6609-6039
Sung, Joohon

Bruins, Susanne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-7075
Pool, René

Eriksson, Anders

Martin, Nicholas G.

Boomsma, Dorret I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7099-7972
Kaprio, Jaakko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3716-2455
Silventoinen, Karri https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-3079
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-25

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-25
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Article History

Received: 30 May 2025

Revised: 10 November 2025

Accepted: 5 December 2025

First Online: 25 December 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The pooled analysis was approved by the ethical board of the Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki. The data collections procedures of participating twin cohorts were approved by local ethical boards following the regulation in each country. Only anonymized data were delivered to the data management center at University of Helsinki. All participants were volunteers and they or their parents gave informed consent when participating in their original studies.

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