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Authors
Vainqueur, Chloé
Padmapriya, Natarajan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-6316
Tint, Mya Thway https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9548-7186
Yap, Fabian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1083-7958
Lee, Yung Seng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1253-0557
Saw, Seang Mei
Tan, Kok Hian
Shek, Lynette P.
Chong, Yap Seng
Godfrey, Keith M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4643-0618
Eriksson, Johan G.
Lioret, Sandrine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-7820
Heude, Barbara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1565-1629
Müller-Riemenschneider, Falk
Bernard, Jonathan Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-983X
Poncet, Lorraine
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Article History
Received: 17 April 2025
Revised: 29 January 2026
Accepted: 26 February 2026
First Online: 9 March 2026
Competing interests
: KMG has received reimbursement for speaking at conferences sponsored by companies selling nutritional products, and is part of an academic consortium that has received research funding from Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Nestec, BenevolentAI Bio Ltd. and Danone, outside the submitted work. The other authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
: All participating women signed written informed consent for themselves and on behalf of their offspring at enrolment. The study received ethical approval from the National Healthcare Group Domain Specific Review Board (D/2009/021, B/2014/00406 and D/2010/210) and the SingHealth Centralized Institutional Review Board (CIRB 2018/2767 and CIRB 2018/3138). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
