Pang, Chaoyu
Gao, Xin
Fan, Zhiyao
Gao, Changhao
Liu, Shujie
Meng, Yufan
Diao, Boyu
Wang, Runxian
Liu, Zhenya
Huang, Xin
Zhu, Tao
Liu, Shaozhuang
Zhan, Hanxiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-2783
Article History
Received: 9 August 2025
Revised: 27 February 2026
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study had passed the review of the Medical Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and conducted study registration (KYLL-202301-017) and conformed to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Given its retrospective study, the committee waived informed consent for participation.