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Authors
Wang, Jiaqi
He, Zihua
Shen, Sisi
Yi, Tong
Liu, Shengyi
Yang, Quan
Sander, Josemir W.
Zhou, Dong
Sima, Xiutian
Li, Jinmei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7411-8269
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Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Revised: 5 February 2026
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Data used in this study were from the UK Biobank, and ethical approval was obtained from the North West Multi-Center Research Ethics Committee (Approval Numbers: 11/NW/0382, 16/NW/0274, and 21/NW/0157). All methods in this study were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the UK Biobank cohort prior to data collection, in accordance with the UK Biobank informed consent protocol ( ).
