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Authors
Hernandez, María Alejandra
Li, Zheyuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7434-5947
Cole, Tim J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5711-8200
Ong, Yi Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3072-765X
Tilling, Kate
Elhakeem, Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7637-6360
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Article History
Received: 25 November 2025
Revised: 20 April 2026
Accepted: 14 May 2026
First Online: 12 June 2026
Competing interests
: All authors declare no competing interests. AE had full access to the data used in this study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and accuracy of the data analysis.
: Study protocols followed the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by respective ethics committees for two hospitals: National Healthcare Group Domain Specific Review Board (NUH) and SingHealth Centralized Institutional Review Board (KKH). All participants provided informed consent or assent to participate and contribute their data to publications.
