Zhong, Yulu https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2222-8776
Guo, Bin
Wang, Yaoyao
Li, Yinan
Li, Qinghai
Yu, Xinjuan
Guo, Jimei https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3642-3056
Wang, Tao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-8775
Article History
Received: 27 August 2025
Revised: 12 May 2026
Accepted: 8 June 2026
First Online: 28 July 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the NHANES Institutional Review Board, and was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, with all NHANES participants providing signed informed consent.