John, Esther M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3259-8003
Koo, Jocelyn
Keegan, Theresa H.
Ingles, Sue A.
Nguyen, Jenny T.
Thomsen, Catherine
Yan, Beizhan
Terry, Mary Beth
Santella, Regina M.
Article History
Received: 6 February 2025
Revised: 25 August 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRB) of the Cancer Prevention Institute of California under protocol 2009-005 and Stanford University under IRB protocol 46050, and by the California Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects under protocol 12-12-0950. Participating girls aged ≥10 years and their mothers signed informed consent forms for the LEGACY Girls Study and the California PAH Study, and participating girls aged 6–9 years signed an assent form for both studies. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.