Lupolt, Sara N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6263-5333
Zhang, Guofeng
Wang, Jiahao
Tang, Stacey
Lyu, Qinfan https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7205-7616
Cho, Jamie
Huynh, Christina
Liu, Qihao
Peng, Jiawei
Wang, Xingrui
Yin, Junjie Oscar
Yuan, Xiaoding
Zhang, Yi
Yuille, Alan L.
Voegtline, Kristin M.
Nachman, Keeve E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4925-4151
Article History
Received: 20 January 2025
Revised: 15 September 2025
Accepted: 30 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study has been approved by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Institutional Review Board (IRB00020023). All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.