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Authors
Foster, Stephanie A.
Kile, Molly L.
Hystad, Perry
Diamond, Miriam L.
Mandhane, Piush J.
Moraes, Theo J.
Pei, Jacqueline
Scott, James A.
Simons, Elinor
Subbarao, Padmaja
Takaro, Tim K.
Tamana, Sukhpreet K.
Turvey, Stuart E.
Brook, Jeffrey R.
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Article History
Received: 29 May 2025
Revised: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 8 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used ChatGPT in a few minor instances to improve the readability and flow of certain sections in the manuscript. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.
: This study was approved by Oregon State University’s Institutional Review Board (IRB-2021-1250). Ethics approvals for CHILD were obtained from research ethics boards at each health center and approval for analyses was obtained from the University of Toronto Health Sciences Research Ethics Board (No. 36169). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
: The authors confirm that this work is original. It has not been published elsewhere, nor is it currently under consideration for publication in any other journal or magazine. All the authors listed have approved the manuscript for publication.
