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Authors
Biller, Anna M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3673-8838
Zauner, Johannes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2171-4566
Cajochen, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-7171
Gerle, Marisa A. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9159-1093
Kalavally, Vineetha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3531-9076
Mohamed, Anas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5418-4501
Rottländer, Lukas https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9062-0113
Seah, Ming-Yi https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5409-5839
Stefani, Oliver https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3854-3222
Spitschan, Manuel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8572-9268
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Article History
Received: 24 February 2025
Revised: 15 October 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Competing interests
: OS is listed as an inventor on the following patents: ‘Display system having a circadian effect on humans’, US8646939B2; ‘Projection system and method for projecting image content’, DE102010047207B4; ‘Adaptive lighting system’, US8994292B2; ‘Projection device and filter therefor’, WO2006013041A1; ‘Method for the selective adjustment of a desired brightness and/or colour of a specific spatial area, and data processing device’, WO2016092112A1. OS is a member of the Daylight Academy, Good Light Group and Swiss Lighting Society. OS has had the following commercial interests in the last two years (2022–2024) related to lighting: investigator-initiated research grants from SBB (Swiss Federal Railways), Zumtobel, DFS (German air navigation service provider), and Porsche. MS is listed as an inventor in a European Patent application (23159999.4), ‘System and method for corneal-plane physiologically-relevant light logging with an application to personalised light interventions related to health and well-being’. MS is a member of the Daylight Academy and is currently the Speaker of the Steering Committee and Chair of the CIE JTC20. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this work.
: At the Swiss site, the study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki and the principles of Good Clinical Practice and approved by the Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz (EKNZ) under Basec ID # 2023-00827 on 4th July, 2023. Data collection at the Malaysian site was approved by Monash University Human Research Committee (MUHREC, Project ID: 39378). All participants gave informed consent.
