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Authors
Rivera-Mariani, Felix E.
Srour, Hayat
Godoy-Vitorino, Filipa
Bolaños-Rosero, Benjamín
Vélez-Torres, Lorraine N.
Maestre, Juan P.
Kinney, Kerry
Cavallin, Humberto
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Article History
Received: 7 August 2025
Revised: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 14 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki and institutional policies. The household recruitment, survey administration, and in-home environmental sampling (dust/air) were approved by the University of Puerto Rico–Río Piedras Institutional Review Board (IRB #1718-058). Whole-blood draws for the human whole-blood pyrogen assay (HWBPA) was approved by the Larkin University Institutional Review Board (IRB protocol LCH-1-022018). Only adults (≥21 years) were enrolled. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, including the primary household respondent for survey and sampling, and all blood donors for phlebotomy and use of de-identified samples. This manuscript contains no identifiable images or personal data of individual participants.
