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Authors
Valentín-Cortés, Mislael A.
Cathey, Amber L.
Jenkins, Haley M.
Fernandez, Jennifer
Pabón, Zaira Rosario
Vélez Vega, Carmen M.
Cordero, José F.
Alshawabkeh, Akram
Watkins, Deborah J.
Meeker, John D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8357-5085
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Article History
Received: 11 September 2025
Revised: 2 April 2026
Accepted: 8 April 2026
First Online: 15 June 2026
Competing interests
: JDM has served as a paid expert providing opinion and testimony on estimated exposure and dose levels related to herbicide application activities in litigation involving glyphosate-based herbicides. All other authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by ethics review boards at the University of Puerto Rico, Northeastern University, and the University of Michigan. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Participants gave written consent to participate in the study.
