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Article History

Received: 5 February 2025

Revised: 19 February 2025

Accepted: 28 February 2025

First Online: 24 April 2025

Competing interests

: Professor Adrian J.B. Brady has received honoraria from Daiichi-Sankyo, Amgen, Sanofi-Aventis, Bayer, MSD, and Novartis. Professor Phil Chowienczyk has an interest in Centron Diagnostics, a company that has produced technology for blood pressure measurement. Professor Jacob George has received grants and travel funding from Astra Zeneca, Novartis and Daiichi Sankyo, is on Advisory Boards for AstraZeneca, Menarini and Novartis, consulting fees from Roche and PwC and is a Principal Investigator for studies funded by AstraZeneca, Alnylam, Novartis, Esperion. Dr Pankaj Gupta has received research grants, lecture honoraria and funding for conference attendance from Sanofi-Aventis and Amgen, and consulting fees from Ionis Pharmaceuticals. Dr Spoorthy Kulkarni is a PhD student at the University of Cambridge funded by AstraZeneca and has attended scientific advisory boards for Viatris. Professor Terry McCormack has received lecture honoraria and/or consultation fees from AstraZeneca, Daichi-Sankyo, and Medtronic. He is a co-investigator in the Alnylam study Kardia 3. Professor Neil R Poulter has received lecture honoraria and/or consultation fees from several pharmaceutical companies that manufacture blood pressure lowering agents including AstraZeneca, Eva Pharma, Lri Therapharma, Napi, Pfizer, Servier and Sanofi-Aventis. Professor Ian B Wilkinson has received research grants from AstraZeneca, GSK and scientific advisory board consultation fees for Viatris, Astra Zeneca and Roche. Dr Louise Abrams, Dr Luca Faconti, Dr Andrew Jordan, Dr Bernadette Jenner, Dr Vikas Kapil, Dr Philip Lewis, Dr Sarah Partridge, Professor Peter Sever, Dr Eduard Shantsila, Dr Wayne Sunman and Dr Helen Warren have no competing interests to declare for this manuscript.

: Ethical approval was not required for this work as it did not involve any human or animal studies.