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Authors
Jee, Yongho https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0365-8302
Spiller, Wes
Sanderson, Eleanor
Tilling, Kate
Palmer, Tom https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4655-4511
Ha, Eunhee
Kim, YoungJu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Korea Health Industry Development Institute (HI21C1243)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2023-00210888)
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Article History
Received: 21 October 2024
Revised: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 10 July 2025
First Online: 19 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The study was reviewed and approved by the Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital Institutional Review Board (IRB File No: SEUMC 2021-08-026). The study used de-identified secondary data, and therefore informed consent from individual participants was not required. No identifiable images or personal information of human participants were used in this study.
