Lindsay-Perez, Alexandra https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9378-2408
Jurdon, Rebecca
King, Thomas
Koffman, Lydia
Roberts, Nia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1142-6440
McManus, Richard J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-028X
McCartney, David
Article History
Received: 14 July 2024
Revised: 22 June 2025
Accepted: 15 July 2025
First Online: 5 August 2025
Competing interests
: RM has worked with Sensyne and Omron to develop digital interventions for hypertension for which his institution has received consultancy and licencing payments. TK is a contributor to intellectual property licensed by Oxford University Innovation to AstraZeneca. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: Ethical approval was not sought for this study as the systematic review and metaanalysis used only publicly available documents.