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Article History

Received: 3 July 2025

Revised: 12 July 2025

Accepted: 16 July 2025

First Online: 23 July 2025

Change Date: 28 July 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: References have been corrected on page 1.

Ethical approval

: Ethical approval was not required for this work as it did not involve any human or animal studies.

: Professor Adrian J.B. Brady has received honoraria from Daiichi-Sankyo, Amgen, Sanofi-Aventis, Bayer, MSD, and Novartis. Professor Phil Chowienczyk has an interest in Centron Diagnostics, a company that has produced technology for blood pressure measurement. Professor Jacob George has received grants and travel funding from Astra Zeneca, Novartis and Daiichi Sankyo, is on Advisory Boards for AstraZeneca, Menarini and Novartis, consulting fees from Roche and PwC and is a Principal Investigator for studies funded by AstraZeneca, Alnylam, Novartis, Esperion. Dr Pankaj Gupta has received research grants, lecture honoraria and funding for conference attendance from Sanofi-Aventis and Amgen, and consulting fees from Ionis Pharmaceuticals. Dr Spoorthy Kulkarni is a PhD student at the University of Cambridge funded by AstraZeneca and has attended scientific advisory boards for Viatris. Professor Terry McCormack has received lecture honoraria and/or consultation fees from AstraZeneca, Daichi-Sankyo, and Medtronic. He is a co-investigator in the Alnylam study Kardia 3. Professor Neil R Poulter has received lecture honoraria and/or consultation fees from several pharmaceutical companies that manufacture blood pressure lowering agents including AstraZeneca, Eva Pharma, Lri Therapharma, Napi, Pfizer, Servier and Sanofi-Aventis. Dr Manish Saxena has received grant support from Recor Medical, Ablative Solutions, Applied Therapeutics, Vascular Dynamics, and MSD; and has received consulting fees from Recor Medical, Esperion Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Inc., Novartis, and Vifor Pharma. Professor Peter Sever has received renumeration for scientific advisory boards and lectures from Viatris. Professor Ian B Wilkinson has received research grants from AstraZeneca, GSK and scientific advisory board consultation fees for Viatris, Astra Zeneca and Roche. Dr Luca Faconti, Dr Ajay Gupta, Professor Anthony Heagerty, Dr Andrew Jordan, Dr Vikas Kapil, Dr Philip Lewis, Dr Ryan McNally, Ms Michaela Nuttall, Mr Sam Olden, Dr Sarah Partridge, Dr Eduard Shantsila, Professor James Sheppard, Dr Wayne Sunman, Dr Pauline Swift, Dr Nayanatara Tantirige, and Dr Helen Warren have no competing interests to declare for this manuscript.