Adebisi, Yusuff Adebayo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2381-0984
Alshahrani, Najim Z. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2163-004X
Ogunkola, Isaac Olushola
Lucero-Prisno, Don Eliseo III
Article History
Received: 9 May 2025
Revised: 25 July 2025
Accepted: 13 August 2025
First Online: 22 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study is a secondary analysis of anonymised data collected in Understanding Society, which has received ethical approval from the University of Essex Ethics Committee. No additional ethical approval was required. All methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the UK GDPR and Data Protection Act 2018, the ESRC Research Ethics Framework, and the UK Data Service End User Licence.