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Authors
McKenzie-Sampson, Safyer https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-9634
Baer, Rebecca J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8485-1977
Costello, Jean
Karasek, Deborah
Torres, Jacqueline M.
Riddell, Corinne A.
Jelliffe-Pawlowski, Laura L.
Blebu, Bridgette E.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
California Preterm Birth Initiative
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Article History
Received: 15 November 2024
Revised: 2 June 2025
Accepted: 8 July 2025
First Online: 18 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The methods for the study were approved by the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects (Reference Number: 2019-024) within the Health and Human Services Agency of the State of California in line with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was not required from study participants as we utilized a deidentified dataset.
