Perlman, Nicola https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8425-8589
Sherwin, Elizabeth B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7513-3823
Leonard, Stephanie A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8213-1319
Lyell, Deirdre J.
Profit, Jochen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3782-9248
Blumenfeld, Yair J.
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K01HL171699)
Article History
Received: 28 March 2025
Revised: 30 July 2025
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 12 September 2025
Change Date: 31 October 2025
Change Type: Update
Change Details: An incorrect funding note has been removed.
Change Date: 4 November 2025
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-025-02471-2
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethics approval was not required for this study. This study was performed on de-identified data with no human or animal study subjects.