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Authors
Shui, Jessica E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1933-3174
LaVita, Carolyn J.
Alcala, Glasiele C.
Nichols, John H.
Jassar, Romal K.
Turcu, Rodica M. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6621-7468
Lerou, Paul H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6777-7389
Cereda, Maurizio F.
Carroll, Ryan W.
Ribeiro De Santis Santiago, Roberta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5818-0361
Berra, Lorenzo
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Article History
Received: 9 October 2024
Revised: 27 August 2025
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Competing interests
: Dr. Shui received electrical impedance tomography devices from SenTec Inc., not used in this study. Dr. Shui and Dr. Carroll are paid consultant to reengineer/redesign electrical impedance tomography devices (NIH SBIR 1R43HL170919-01; designee: Goodlife Access) (2023 – 2024). Ms. LaVita discloses conflicts with Nihon Kohden, Timpel, VEROBiotech, and Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Berra receives grants from “Fast Grants for ARDS Research” at Mercatus Center of George Mason University, iNO Therapeutics LLC, NIH/NHLBI 1UG3HL166785-01A1, Philanthropy at the Lung Rescue Team/MGH, Sedana Medical, Masimo Corp. Technologies. He received devices from Air Liquide S.A., iNO Therapeutics LLC, Masimo©, Novlead Biotechnology CO LTD, Sedana Medical, Praxair Inc., Third Pole Inc. He has patents and patent applications. US7051737B2 Mucus shaving apparatus for endotracheal tubes, US20230201514A1 Systems and methods for nitric oxide generation and treatment. Dr. Berra’s salary is supported by Sundry Funds at Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Berra receives laboratory funds for the Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Reginald Jenney Endowment Chair at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Alcala, Dr. Nichols, Dr. Jassar, Dr. Turcu, Dr. Lerou, Dr. Cereda, and Dr. Ribeiro De Santis Santiago report no conflicts of interest.
: This study received approval from the Massachusetts General Brigham institutional review board (Protocols 2023P001392 and 2020P003196). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.
