Yannekis, Gia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2214-6294
Kunz, Sarah N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1344-7293
Passarella, Molly
Formanowski, Brielle https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3916-847X
Lorch, Scott A.
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (T32HS000063)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD099197, R01HD084819)
Article History
Received: 11 June 2025
Revised: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 27 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was determined to be Non-Human Subjects Research by the Institutional Review Boards of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (IRB 20-017453), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (2023D000917), and Boston Children’s Hospital (IRB-P00046692). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.