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Authors
Nghiem, Nicole
Martes Gomez, Maria
Vu, My H.
Deavenport-Saman, Alexis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-7531
Vanderbilt, Douglas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2038-0808
Lakshmanan, Ashwini https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8259-1905
Wang, Sarah
Boodaghian, Ani
Mirzaian, Christine B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2280-1963
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Health Resources & Services Administration | Maternal and Child Health Bureau (T77MC24732)
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Article History
Received: 5 December 2024
Revised: 26 August 2025
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of 288 Southern California (CHLA-19-00290) and determined to be exempt. Informed consent was not deemed necessary as only retrospective medical record review occurred. The study was performed in accordance with the 289 Declaration of Helsinki.
