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Authors
Mifflin, Joshua
Makoni, Marjorie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1248-5677
Chatmethakul, Trassanee
McNamara, Patrick J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7648-8872
Bischoff, Adrianne R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9218-1301
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R25MD011564)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UM1TR004403)
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Article History
Received: 15 April 2025
Revised: 22 October 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The studies involving humans were approved by the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center IRB (#14677) and the University of Iowa IRB (#202204622). The study was conducted in accordance with local legislation and institutional requirements. The ethics committee/institutional review board waived the requirement of written informed consent for participation from the participants or the participants’ legal guardians/next of kin due to the retrospective nature of the study consent was waived.
