Sheffield, Emily C. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7355-3219
Busse, Clara E.
Interrante, Julia D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8579-6623
Handley, Sara C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8436-4351
Kozhimannil, Katy Backes
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Health Resources & Services Administration | Federal Office of Rural Health Policy (5U1CRH03717, 5U1CRH03717, 5U1CRH03717, 5U1CRH03717, 5U1CRH03717)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UM1TR004405)
Article History
Received: 25 August 2025
Revised: 17 October 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was designated exempt from review by the University of Minnesota Institutional Review Board; informed consent did not apply. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.