Comley, Nicole
Taleghani, Afshin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7901-8649
Akinbi, Henry https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2852-5856
Kaplan, Heather C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0487-2781
Kim, Jae https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6321-2594
Fu, Ting Ting https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1522-7219
Nathan, Amy T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6401-3519
Narendran, Vivek
Ward, Laura
Article History
Received: 17 May 2025
Revised: 7 November 2025
Accepted: 5 December 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Competing interests
: Disclosures: Jae Kim, MD is an unpaid advisor to the NEC Society, has sponsored research from Fresenius-Kabi, is a consultant for Infant Biotherapeutics Cardinal Health, Biomilq, Carag, and Mothers Milk is Best. He also holds stock in Astarte Medical and Nicolette. Ting Ting Fu, MD has a speaking agreement with Medela.
: IRB approval was not required based on our local hospital policies.