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Authors
Martin, Courtney B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1631-9852
Chang, Shen-Chih
Sakowski, Christa
Aziz, Natali
Gould, Jeffrey B.
Stevenson, David K.
Main, Elliott K.
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Article History
Received: 20 May 2023
Revised: 14 May 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 14 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Ethics approval was obtained from Stanford University Institutional Review Board and the California Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects (CPHS) for the use of linked administrative and vital records data. This study used de-identified data. Informed consent from individual participants was not required or applicable. No identifiable images or personal identifiers are included in this publication.
