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Authors
Mascari, John https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7658-8503
Millen, Spencer
Batish, Tanvi
Suarez, Karol
Slattery, Susan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1894-0044
Lagoski, Megan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8761-4405
Henner, Natalia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2486-1270
Raucci, Janice
Porta, Nicolas
Murthy, Karna
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Article History
Received: 13 May 2025
Revised: 1 December 2025
Accepted: 27 January 2026
First Online: 23 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Because our research involved the study of fully de-identified and retrospective data, this study was exempted from formal review by the Institutional Review Board of the Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago (IRB# 2023-6109). The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.
