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Authors
Yang, Michelle J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4432-2119
Carpenter, Ryan J.
Yost, Christian C.
Kahan, Anastasia M. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0934-056X
Fenton, Stephen J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-5702
Russell, Katie W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2060-7785
Yoder, Bradley A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-9778
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Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Revised: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 25 February 2026
First Online: 13 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All study methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations, including institutional, national, and international research standards. Approval for this study was obtained from the University of Utah/Primary Children’s Hospital IRBs, under protocol IRB_00182610, which was determined to be exempt from full review. As part of this exempt determination, the Institutional Review Board granted a waiver of informed consent.
