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Authors
Donahue, Macie https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0200-6874
Heil, Madison Ramirez
Camerota, Marie
Dansereau, Lynne
Conradt, Elisabeth
Lester, Barry https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0267-9814
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA049755)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA049755)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA049755)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA049755)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA049755)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA049755)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH129510)
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Article History
Received: 12 November 2025
Revised: 2 February 2026
Accepted: 4 March 2026
First Online: 20 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Study procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of each study site, and all participants provided written informed consent for their participation. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
