Candel-Pau, Júlia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5646-8302
Maya-Enero, Sílvia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0102-611X
García-García, Jordi
Valle-Del Barrio, Beatriz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6285-383X
Muñoz-Molinero, José
López-Vílchez, Maria Ángeles https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8865-9405
Funding for this research was provided by:
Sociedad Española de Neonatología
Article History
Received: 14 December 2025
Revised: 6 February 2026
Accepted: 11 March 2026
First Online: 30 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Hospital del Mar (ref. 2020/9585/I and 2022/10495).
: Informed parental consent was obtained from all individual participants as required by the Ethics Committee of Hospital del Mar (ref. 2020/9585/I and 2022/10495).