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Authors
Proaño, Alvaro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4057-7686
Green, Matthew
Zevallos Barboza, Alvaro
Greenberg, Rachel G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4156-8543
Puopolo, Karen M.
Flannery, Dustin D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-4683
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (K08HS027468)
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Article History
Received: 21 October 2025
Revised: 2 March 2026
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 20 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Institutional Review Board deemed the use of the data exempt from review, with a waiver of informed consent, given that the data and centers were deidentified (IRB 18-015301). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
