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Authors
Bamat, Nicolas A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6427-093X
Huber, Matthew
Morris, Heidi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9128-2151
Nelin, Timothy D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7435-2610
Downes, Kevin J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5015-8146
O’Brien, Anna B.
Laskin, Benjamin L
Jensen, Erik A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9179-8032
DeMauro, Sara B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1647-4000
Eichenwald, Eric C.
Lorch, Scott A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K23HD101651)
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Article History
Received: 24 November 2025
Revised: 4 March 2026
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 16 April 2026
Competing interests
: This work was supported by Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grant K23HD10165 and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Thomas B. McCabe and Jeannette E. Laws McCabe Fund to NAB. The funding sources had no role in the study design; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; the writing of the report or the decision to submit for publication. NAB wrote the first draft of the manuscript. No compensation honorarium, grant, or other form of payment was given to produce the manuscript. KJD receives research support to his institution from Merck, Inc., Veloxis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Paratek Pharmaceutical unrelated to the current work.
: Data used for this study were approved for collection by the CHOP Institutional Review Board, #19-016420. Informed consent was not required. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
