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Authors
Li, Dan https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9688-803X
Yao, Mulin
Shi, Huixia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0339-1647
Jia, Chao
Feng, Lijuan
Ma, Li https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3465-7542
Tang, Longmei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0869-0603
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Article History
Received: 22 November 2025
Revised: 22 February 2026
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 10 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Hebei Children’s Hospital (Approval Number: 202464). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations and with the Declaration of Helsinki. Because this was a retrospective study using anonymized clinical data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee.
