Ting, Joseph Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5246-8823
Sehgal, Arvind https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2600-7529
Kuan, Mimi T. Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4751-6579
Soraisham, Amuchou
Vorhies, Erika
Castaldo, Michael
McNamara, Patrick J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7648-8872
Funding for this research was provided by:
BC Children's Hospital Research Institute
Women and Children's Health Research Institute
Article History
Received: 2 July 2025
Revised: 9 March 2026
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 14 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the University of British Columbia Research Ethics Boards (H17-01620), University of Calgary (REB17-1694), University of Iowa (M18-00338), and Monash University (RES-17-0000014L). Written informed consent was obtained from the legal guardian of the neonates.