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Authors
McGowan, Elisabeth C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1832-9165
McGrath, Monica https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2271-0743
Law, Andrew
O’Shea, T. Michael
Blackwell, Courtney K.
Aschner, Judy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8420-7794
Ganiban, Jody M.
Higgins, Rosemary D.
Taylor, Genevieve L.
Spillane, Nicole T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-0743
Hudak, Mark L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-3522
Camargo, Carlos A. Jr.
Talavera-Barber, Maria M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5290-1375
Lester, Barry M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0267-9814
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Taylor, Genevieve
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Article History
Received: 14 August 2025
Revised: 13 March 2026
Accepted: 31 March 2026
First Online: 27 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All data collection and research methods were approved by IRBs at each cohort site and the ECHO Data Analysis Center, and all participants provided written informed consent. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
