Article History
Received: 8 September 2025
Revised: 10 April 2026
Accepted: 15 May 2026
First Online: 1 June 2026
Competing interests
: Natasha Ahn received a grant from Chiesi for quality improvement work using minimally invasive surfactant therapy work. Matthew Derrick received a grant from Chiesi for a clinical trial using minimally invasive surfactant therapy. Both grants are unrelated to this work.
: The study and waiver of consent were approved by the Endeavor IRB. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.