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Authors
Wild, K. Taylor https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-078X
Rintoul, Natalie E.
Ades, Anne M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6299-5985
Khalek, Nahla
Gebb, Juliana S.
Oliver, Edward R.
Reynolds, Tom https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5613-8696
Mathew, Leny
Herrick, Heidi M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0723-6898
Matthews, Kelle
Heimall, Lauren
Nelson, Olivia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2930-138X
Bruins, Benjamin B.
Rychik, Jack
Partridge, Emily A.
Flake, Alan W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4913-7588
Hedrick, Holly L.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (K08HS029029)
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Article History
Received: 27 October 2025
Revised: 21 April 2026
Accepted: 19 May 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Conflict of interest
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (IRB 21-018553) and was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The CHOP Institutional Review Board approved this observational study with a waiver of informed parental consent.
