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Article History

Received: 26 April 2024

Revised: 29 August 2024

Accepted: 5 September 2024

First Online: 25 September 2024

Competing interests

: CT reports research funding from BMS, Hospira, and Roche; consulting role for AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Cellectis, Gilead Sciences, Kite, Novartis, and Roche; honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, Bayer, Cellectis, Gilead Sciences, Incyte, Janssen, Kite, Novartis, and Takeda; membership on an entity’s board of directors or advisory committees at AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Cellectis, Gilead Sciences, Incyte, Janssen, Kite, Novartis, Roche, and Takeda; and travel expenses from AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Cellectis, Gilead Sciences, Kite, Novartis, and Roche. YHK reports consulting/advisory role for AbbVie and ADC Therapeutics; travel expenses from Roche/Genentech; and research funding from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Lilly/Loxo, Merck, Roche/Genentech, and Xencor. HG reports consulting role for Gilead and Roche; and honoraria from AbbVie, BMS, Gilead, and Roche. CYC reports consulting/advisory roles and honoraria from Roche, Janssen, Gilead, AstraZeneca, Lilly, BeiGene, Menarini, Dizal, AbbVie, Genmab, Sobi, BMS, and Regeneron; research funding from BMS, Roche, AbbVie, MSD, and Lilly; speakers bureau for Janssen, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Genmab, AbbVie, and Roche; and travel expenses from Lilly and BeiGene. MRC reports consulting role for AbbVie, Janssen, Gilead, AstraZeneca, Genmab, and Incyte; advisory role for AbbVie, Janssen, Gilead, and Genmab; and travel expenses from AbbVie, Janssen, AstraZeneca, Genmab, Roche, and Pfizer. DC reports research grants (paid to institution, Royal Marsden Hospital) from MedImmune/AstraZeneca, Clovis, Lilly, 4SC, Bayer, BMS, and Roche. WJ reports research funding and consulting role for AbbVie and Roche. YRD reports no conflicts of interest. RG reports honoraria from MSD, Otsuka, Novartis, Astellas, Janssen, AbbVie, and Takeda. DJL reports consulting/advisory role for Janssen, Lilly, Roche, BeiGene, and Kite. TMK reports consulting for Amgen, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Boryung, Daiichi Sankyo, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd/Genentech, HK inno.N, Janssen, Novartis, Regeneron, Samsung Bioepis, Takeda, and Yuhan; honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, IMBdx, Janssen, and Takeda; and membership on an entity’s board of directors or advisory committees at Amgen, BeiGene, Janssen, Novartis, Regeneron, Samsung Bioepis, and Takeda. MvdP reports no conflicts of interest. MLP reports no conflicts of interest. TF reports consulting role for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Epizyme, Genmab, Gilead/Kite, Karyopharm, and Takeda; and consulting role/speakers bureau for Seagen. KML reports membership on the Epcoritamab Global Council for Genmab; consulting/advisory role for AbbVie, BeiGene, BMS, Genmab, Kite/Gilead, and Roche; speakers bureau for AbbVie and BMS; research funding (paid to institution) from AbbVie, ADC Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, BMS, CellCentric, Genmab, Janssen, Kite/Gilead, MorphoSys, MSD, Nurix, Regeneron, Roche, Step Pharma, and Viracta; and travel expenses from BMS. AS reports consulting role for Takeda, BMS, Novartis, Janssen, MSD, Amgen, GSK, Sanofi, Kite, and Mundipharma; honoraria from Takeda, BMS, Novartis, Janssen, MSD, Amgen, GSK, Sanofi, and Kite; membership on an entity’s board of directors or advisory committees for Takeda, BMS, Novartis, Janssen, Amgen, Bluebird, Sanofi, and Kite; travel expenses from Takeda, BMS, and Roche; research funding from Takeda; and speakers bureau for Takeda, BMS, Novartis, Janssen, MSD, Amgen, GSK, Sanofi, and Kite. MH reports scientific advisory boards for AbbVie, BMS, Genmab, Janssen, Roche, and Takeda; and research support (paid to institution) from BMS, Genentech, Genmab, Incyte, Janssen, Novartis, Roche, and Takeda. MHD reports employment with AbbVie. NK reports employment with Genmab. DS reports employment with Genmab. TM reports employment with Genmab. MS reports employment with Genmab. TP reports consulting/advisory role for Pfizer/Seagen, Pharmacyclics, Incyte, Genentech, Bayer, Gilead Sciences, Curis, Kite/Gilead, BMS, Genmab, TG Therapeutics, and ADC Therapeutics; honoraria from Pfizer/Seagen and Lymphoma & Myeloma Connect; research funding from AbbVie, Pharmacyclics/Janssen, and Bayer; and  is a scholar in the Clinical Research of The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. PJL reports research grants from Takeda and Servier; advisory honoraria from BMS, Roche, Takeda, Genmab, AbbVie, Incyte, Regeneron, and Sandoz; and consultancy honoraria from Y-mAbs Therapeutics.

: The trial was conducted in accordance with regulatory requirements, International Council for Harmonization Good Clinical Practice Guidelines, and the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by site-specific Institutional Review Boards and/or Institutional or Central Ethics Committees (Central Ethics Committee: Hôpital Saint-Antoine Comité de Protection des Personnes [CPP] Ile de France V; Paris, France; 2017-001748-36), and all patients provided written informed consent.