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Article History

Received: 28 June 2024

Revised: 22 November 2024

Accepted: 29 November 2024

First Online: 16 December 2024

Competing interests

: AB is a current employee of Carisma Therapeutics. SLR is a current employee of Parexel International. KRR has received preclinical research support from Incyte Corporation. TJF was a prior part-time employee of and consultant for Sana Biotechnology. TJF is an inventor on patent US11834509B2 (‘Thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor-specific chimeric antigen receptors and methods using same’). SKT receives clinical research funding from Incyte Corporation for conduction of the Children’s Oncology Group AALL1521 phase 2 clinical trial (NCT02723994). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.

: Viably cryopreserved primary pediatric, adolescent, and young adult ALL specimens used to create PDX models for these studies were obtained from leukemia biorepositories of the Children’s Oncology Group, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), or Texas Children’s Hospital under institutional review board (IRB)-approved research protocols following obtainment of informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Use of coded leukemia specimens without identifying patient health information in these studies was deemed non-human subjects research and exempt from further review by the CHOP IRB and ethics committee. All animal studies were conducted under an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee-approved protocol at CHOP in accordance with all guidelines and regulations.