Kuehn, Julia C.
Neidert, Nicolas N.
Zhang, Junyi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-2971
Mutter, Jurik
Alig, Stefan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6825-702X
Klingler, Christian
Hummel, Fabian https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9077-9762
Ranganathan, Lavanya
Bleul, Sabine
Beck, Jürgen
Prinz, Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0349-1955
Diehn, Maximilian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2032-0581
Alizadeh, Ash https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5153-5625
Duyster, Justus
Sankowski, Roman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9215-8021
Heiland, Dieter H.
Scherer, Florian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9635-5487
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SCHE1870/3-1)
Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung
Mertelsmann Foundation
Article History
Received: 24 January 2025
Revised: 19 March 2025
Accepted: 31 March 2025
First Online: 10 April 2025
Competing interests
: J.C.K. does not report any conflicts of interest. F.S. receives research funding from Gilead Sciences, Roche Sequencing Solutions, and Takeda, and received Honoraria by AstraZeneca and Servier. All other authors do not report any conflicts of interest in relation to this manuscript.
: All analyses and methods in this manuscript have been performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All participants provided informed consent for sample collection and data analysis. Tumor and CSF samples from three different patients were obtained after written informed consent for the experiments performed in this study, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the local ethics committee of the University of Freiburg, Germany (registration numbers: DRKS00015307, 23-1234-S1, 23-1233-S1).