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Article History

Received: 18 March 2025

Revised: 30 April 2025

Accepted: 13 May 2025

First Online: 28 May 2025

Competing interests

: FP participated in the speaker’s bureau and advisory board of Novartis, BMS, AOP, Sierra Oncology, Incyte, Telios, Abbvie, Constellation-Morphosys, Sobi and GSK. MB reports honoraria from Novartis, BMS, Pfizer, Incyte. GB reports honoraria from Novartis, Janssen, Amgen, Takeda, and BMS. MT reports honoraria from and has served on speakers’ bureaus for Novartis, BMS, Pfizer, and Incyte. FHH served as an advisor for Novartis, CTI, Celgene/BMS, Janssen, Abbvie, GSK, Merck and AOP and received research funding from Novartis, Celgene/BMS and CTI. GAP reports consultancy and honoraria from Abbvie, AOP, AstraZeneca, BMS, Incyte, GSK, Morphosys, and Novartis. VDS participated in the speaker’s bureau and advisory board of Abbvie, AOP Health, Bristol Myers Squibb, Glaxo Smith Kline, Grifols, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, SOBI, Takeda.

: The PV-ARC study was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the IRBs of the participating centers and the standards of the Helsinki Declaration. For patients currently under follow-up with the experimental center, informed consent was obtained as part of one of the visits in their normal care pathway. For deceased patients, Italian regulations authorized the processing of personal data carried out for scientific research purposes (Gazzetta Ufficiale no. 72 dated 26 March 2012). Therefore, the processing of personal data is considered authorized upon approval of the study by the Ethics Committee. The promoter of this study was the IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, which obtained approval from the Area Vasta Emilia Centro (AVEC) Ethics Committee (approval file number: 483/2018/Oss/AOUBo). This study was also approved by the local ethics committees of participating centers (protocol code: PV-ARC) and had no commercial support.