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Authors
Chong, Stephen J. F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9188-7131
Lai, Jolin X. H.
Iskandar, Kartini
Leong, Benedict J. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0842-5975
Wang, Chuqi
Wang, Yuhan
Guièze, Romain https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7563-580X
Raman, Deepika
Lim, Rachel H. F.
Wu, Catherine J.
Chng, Wee Joo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2578-8335
Cheung, Alice M. S.
Chuah, Charles
Davids, Matthew S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-2003
Pervaiz, Shazib https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4738-019X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
MOH | National Medical Research Council (NMRC/OFIRG/0041/2017, NMRC/OFYIRG24JUL-0013, NMRC/OFIRG/0041/2017, NMRC/OFIRG21NOV-0025, NMRC/CG21APR2002)
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
Ministry of Education - Singapore (Academic Research Fund Tier 1, FY2024)
Simeon J. Fortin Charitable Foundation (NA)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI-P01CA206978)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01CA266298)
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Article History
Received: 11 July 2023
Revised: 6 June 2025
Accepted: 3 July 2025
First Online: 24 July 2025
Competing interests
: MSD has received institutional research funding from Ascentage Pharma, MEI Pharma, Novartis, Surface Oncology, TG Therapeutics, and personal consulting income from AbbVie, Adaptive Biosciences, Ascentage Pharma, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, BMS, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Genmab, Janssen, Merck, Mingsight Pharmaceuticals, Secura Bio, TG Therapeutics, and Takeda. CJ Wu holds equity in BioNTech, and receives research funding from Pharmacyclics. R. Guièze has received travel and research funding, and honoraria for consulting from Johnson and Johnson, AbbVie, BeOne Medicine, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Amgen, and Roche. All other authors have no disclosures of conflict of interest.
: All experimental methods in this study were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Patient samples were obtained following informed consent and approval by relevant institutional review board (IRB). Lymphoma patient samples were obtained from National University Hospital (NUH), Singapore (IRB-#2012/00579) and CLL patient samples were obtained from DFCI, Boston, USA (IRB-#17-561). All experiments pertaining to animal study were approved by the SingHealth experimental medicine centre (SEMC) institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC-#1681).
