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Authors
Kadirkamanathan, Renuka
Georgiadis, Christos https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0031-8396
Kloos, Arnold
Joshi, Akshay
Etuk, Annie
Preece, Roland
Gough, Oliver https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4737-1023
Schambach, Axel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2743-0070
Sauer, Martin https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2151-8342
Heuser, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5318-9044
Qasim, Waseem https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8353-4494
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Article History
Received: 11 January 2025
Revised: 24 June 2025
Accepted: 21 July 2025
First Online: 1 October 2025
Competing interests
: W.Q has advised Virocell, Wugen & Galapagos. MH declares honoraria from Abbvie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Qiagen, Servier, Sobi, paid consultancy for AvenCell, Abbvie, Astellas, Glycostem, Janssen, LabDelbert, Miltenyi, Novartis, Pfizer, PinotBio, Servier, and research funding to his institution from Abbvie, Servier, Astellas, BergenBio, Glycostem, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Karyopharm, Loxo Oncology, Novartis, PinotBio.
: All methods were performed in accordance with approved guidelines from the University College London Research Ethics Committee (REC Reference: 25257.001) and Nolan Registry (REC Reference No.: 19/LO/0447). Informed consent was obtained from all healthy volunteer donors. Animal studies were approved by the UCL Biological Services Ethical Review Committee (Reference No.: PP5675666) and licensed under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (Home Office, London, United Kingdom). The PDX mouse model, established at Hannover Medical School, was conducted with approval from the Lower Saxony state office for consumer protection, Oldenburg, Germany (Reference No.: 22-00042).
