Khouja, Mouhamad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-9461
Genuardi, Elisa
Ferrero, Simone https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9711-1502
Laqua, Anna
Alessandria, Beatrice
Verhagen, Onno J. H. M.
Homburg, Christa H. E.
Sanz, Ramón García https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4120-2787
Medina Herrera, Alejandro
van der Velden, Vincent H. J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-3763
da Silva, Maria Gomes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6993-2450
Gameiro, Paula https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3761-7050
Doorduijn, Jeanette https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1014-0918
Giné, Eva
Visco, Carlo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-0883
Brüggemann, Monika https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5514-5010
Baldus, Claudia D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0748-834X
Ladetto, Marco
Schmidt, Christian
Dreyling, Martin
Jiang, Linmiao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9009-4236
Hoster, Eva https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0749-1389
Darzentas, Nikos
Pal, Karol https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7726-4691
Chitadze, Guranda
Stewart, James Peter
Gonzalez, David https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0580-5636
Pott, Christiane https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9260-8340
,
da Silva, Maria Gomes
Funding for this research was provided by:
Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (MCL 7005-24)
The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society
Article History
Received: 28 May 2025
Revised: 17 September 2025
Accepted: 9 October 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Competing interests
: SF: EUSA Pharma: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Morphosys: Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding; Gentili: Speakers Bureau; Clinigen: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jannsen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Servier: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. VHJV: BD biosciences: Other: laboratory services agreement; Agilent: Other: laboratory services agreement; Cytognos: Other: laboratory services agreement; Euroflow: Patents & Royalties. M.B. Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding, Travel Support. Incyte: Honoraria. Janssen: Honoraria. Pfizer: Honoraria. Cytognos: Other: laboratory services agreement; Euroflow: Patents & Royalties. RGS: Janssen: Honoraria, Other: Travel support, Research Funding; BeiGene: Honoraria, Other: Travel Support; Gilead: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astellas: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria, Research Funding; GSK: Honoraria, Other: Travel Support; Astra Zeneca: Honoraria; In Vivo Scribe: Patents & Royalties: Indirect perception, Euroclonality primers; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding. EG: Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Lilly: Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria; Gilead: Honoraria; Astra Zeneca: Honoraria. CV: J and J: Honoraria, Research Funding; Lilly: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria; Gilead: Honoraria; Astra Zeneca: Honoraria; Incyte: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria; Kyowa Kirin: Honoraria; BeiGene: Honoraria; Sobi: Honoraria. MD: Astra Zeneca, Beigene, BMS/Celgene, Gilead/Kite, Janssen, Lilly/Loxo, Novartis, Roche: Consultancy; Abbvie, Bayer, BMS/Celgene, Gilead/Kite, Janssen, Roche: Research Funding; Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Gilead/Kite, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Roche: Honoraria. DG: AstraZeneca, Roche, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Menarini, Janssen, Illumina, Incyte: Consultancy and Honoraria; AstraZeneca, Roche: Research Funding; Univ8 Genomics Ltd.: Other: Founder and Director of Univ8 Genomics Ltd.
: The trial was led according to the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients gave their written informed consent after have been informed about the purpose and investigational nature of the trial. Prior to initiation, the clinical trial including molecular analysis received approval by the ethics committee of the medical faculty of Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich with the reference number 659-15 fed.