Moia, Riccardo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-1138
Ragaini, Simone https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3899-5755
Cascione, Luciano
Rinaldi, Andrea
Genuardi, Elisa
Talotta, Donatella https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5875-8508
Almasri, Mohammad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-3845
Bruscaggin, Alessio
Zaccaria, Gian Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-5917
Evangelista, Andrea
Civita, Aurora Maria
Di Rocco, Alice
Petrucci, Luigi
Cavallo, Federica https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2047-1099
Celli, Melania
Luppi, Mario
Stelitano, Caterina
Stefani, Piero Maria
Visco, Carlo
Billio, Atto
Casaroli, Ivana
Castellino, Claudia
Pavone, Enzo
Galimberti, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4620-0038
Plenteda, Caterina
Merli, Francesco
Mahmoud, Abdurraouf Mokhtar
Rossi, Davide
Gaidano, Gianluca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4681-0151
Ladetto, Marco
Bertoni, Francesco https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5637-8983
Ferrero, Simone https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9711-1502
Funding for this research was provided by:
Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (5x1000, grant N 21198)
Associazione Italiana Contro le Leucemie - Linfomi e Mieloma (AIL Novara VCO)
Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (MCL 7005-24)
Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (MCL 7005-24)
Krebsliga Schweiz (KLS-3636-02-2015)
Ministero della Salute (RF-2021-12371972)
Article History
Received: 4 March 2025
Revised: 25 September 2025
Accepted: 27 October 2025
First Online: 7 November 2025
Competing interests
: SR received speaker’s honoraria from Beigene, Roche and Pierre Fabre. FB: institutional research funds from ADC Therapeutics, Bayer AG, BeiGene, Floratek Pharma, Helsinn, HTG Molecular Diagnostics, Ideogen AG, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Immagene, ImmunoGen, Menarini Ricerche, Nordic Nanovector ASA, Oncternal Therapeutics, Spexis AG; consultancy fee from BIMINI Biotech, Floratek Pharma, Helsinn, Immagene, Menarini, Vrise Therapeutics; advisory board fees to institution from Novartis; expert statements provided to HTG Molecular Diagnostics; travel grants from Amgen, Astra Zeneca, iOnctura. SF is a consultant for Janssen, EUSA Pharma, Abbvie and Sandoz; is on the advisory board of Janssen, EUSA Pharma, Recordati, Incyte, Roche, Astra Zeneca and Italfarmaco; received speaker’s honoraria from Janssen, EUSA Pharma, Recordati, Lilly, Beigene, Gilead and Gentili; and received research funding from Gilead, Beigene and Morphosys. ML has relationship in terms of consultancy, participation to advisory boards, invitation to scientific meetings, institutional research support and contracts with: AbbVie, Acerta, Amgen, ADC Therapeutics, BeiGene, Celgene/BMS, Eusapharma, GSKI, Gentili, Gilead/Kite, Novartis, Incyte J&J, Jazz, Lilly, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz; he has non-financial interests as PI or strategic investigator in studies supported by: Celgene, J&J, BeiGene, ADC Therapeutics. GG has been consulting in Advisory Boards for Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Beigene, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, and Lilly, and received speaker’s honoraria from Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Beigene, Hikma, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, and Lilly. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
: All study methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The clinical trial and the ancillary mutational study were approved by the Ethical Committees of all the enrolling centers. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.