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Authors
Lisle, Thomas Landkildehus
Holmström, Morten Orebo
Penco, Maria Perez
Ruders, Josephine Hallundbæk https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7900-0930
Riley, Caroline Hasselbalch
Grauslund, Jacob Handlos
Jensen, Emilie Bülow
Sørensen, Anders Lindholm
Skov, Vibe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-7826
Kjær, Lasse
Hasselbalch, Hans
Andersen, Mads Hald https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2914-9605
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Article History
Received: 16 May 2025
Revised: 24 September 2025
Accepted: 27 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Competing interests
: MHA has developed an invention based on the use of transforming growth factor-β–derived peptides for vaccinations. A patent application directed to the invention is owned by the company IO Biotech ApS and lists the MHA as the sole inventor. MHA is an advisor and shareholder at IO Biotech. The additional authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: All participants provided written informed consent prior to study enrollment, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark or the Ethics Committee of the Zealand Region. Approval numbers for studies are NCT04051307, NCT03566446, EudraCT 2013-003295-12, SJ-456, and SJ-452. Biological material from anonymized healthy donors was acquired from heparin-anticoagulated blood samples from the blood bank at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. The usage of anonymized biological material does not require approval from an ethics committee according to Danish Law.
