Gustine, Joshua N. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8300-1266
Scaringi, John A.
Bauer, Fabian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0896-5734
Cirstea, Diana D.
Branagan, Andrew R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3868-9267
Puliafito, Benjamin R.
Maus, Marcela V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-0393
Frigault, Matthew J.
Yee, Andrew J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3623-7491
Mahmood, Umar
Raje, Noopur S.
Article History
Received: 17 July 2025
Revised: 8 October 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Competing interests
: MVM is an inventor on patents related to adoptive cell therapies, held by Massachusetts General Hospital (some licensed to Promab and Luminary) and University of Pennsylvania (some licensed to Novartis), receives Grant/Research support from: Kite Pharma, Moderna, Sobi, holds Equity in 2SeventyBio, A2Bio, Affyimmune, BendBio, Cargo, GBM newco, Model T bio, Neximmune, Oncternal. MVM serves on the board of directors of 2Seventy Bio and is or has been a consultant for A2Bio, Adaptimmune, Affyimmune, BMS, Cabaletta, Cargo, In8bio, GSK, Kite Pharma, Neximmune, Novartis, Oncternal, Sobi. MJF has been a consultant for Novartis, BMS, JnJ/Legend, Kite/Gilead, Cytoagents, and SOBI. AJY has been a consultant for AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson (Janssen), Karyopharm, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Prothena, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sebia, Takeda, and has received research funding to the institution from Amgen, BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson (Janssen), and Sanofi. UM is a co-founder, shareholder, and consultant to CytoSite Biopharma. NSR has been a consultant for AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Janssen, Pfizer, Immuneel, GSK, K36 Therapeutics, Sanofi, and AstraZeneca, and has received research funding to the institution from Pfizer. The remaining authors have no competing interests to disclose.