Grözinger, Martin
Schlanke, Muriel
Gröne, Jana https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3964-7946
Erdmann, Stella
Hajiyianni, Marina
Poos, Alexandra M.
Thierjung, Heidi
Mai, Elias K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6226-1252
Sauer, Sandra https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5552-3149
Kaudewitz, Dorothee
Veelken, Kaya
Michel, Christian S. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1596-3763
Frenking, Jan Hendrik https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9682-2601
Sester, Lilli Sophie https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2233-5896
Weber, Tim Frederik
Sedaghat, Sam
Wennmann, Markus
Müller-Tidow, Carsten https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7166-5232
Schlemmer, Heinz-Peter
Delorme, Stefan
Raab, Marc S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4181-6922
Goldschmidt, Hartmut https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0961-0035
Weinhold, Niels https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5464-3234
John, Lukas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-6890
Funding for this research was provided by:
Celgene (N/A-NI-MM-PI-13884)
Celgene (N/A-NI-MM-PI-13884)
Sanofi
Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Revised: 18 October 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Competing interests
: This study was partially supported by Celgene/BMS and Sanofi. LJ received honoraria from Janssen and travel grants from Oncopeptides. EKM declares a consulting or advisory role for Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen-Cilag, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Sanofi, Stemline and Takeda, research funding from Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen-Cilag, Sanofi and Takeda, honoraria from Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen-Cilag, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Sanofi, Stemline and Takeda and travel accommodations and expenses from Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen-Cilag, Pfizer, Sanofi, Stemline and Takeda. HG declares Grants and/or provision of Investigational Medicinal Products from BMS/Celgene, Dietmar Hopp Foundation, Janssen, Sanofi, Research Support from Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GlycoMimetics Inc., GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Heidelberg Pharma, Hoffmann-La Roche, Janssen Research and Development, Millenium, Novartis, Pfizer, Oncopeptides, Sanofi, Advisory Boards for BMS, Janssen, Sanofi, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Honoraria from Amgen, BMS, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Janssen, Sanofi, Pfizer, Oncopeptides, travel support from Amgen, BMS, GlaxoSmithKline(GSK), Janssen, Sanofi, Pfizer, Oncopeptides. JHF declares an advisory role for Pfizer and has received honoraria from BMS and Stemline and travel and congress participation grants from Janssen-Cilag.
: This study was approved by the Heidelberg University Medical Faculty ethics review board (reference numbers S-735/2020 for RRMM and AFmu-412/2018 for NDMM) and complied with all relevant ethical regulations. Signed written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki was obtained for all cases included in this study. Study subjects did not receive compensation for participation in the study.