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Authors
Barosi, Giovanni https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8357-7192
De Silvestri, Annalisa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3128-8441
Gale, Robert Peter
Rosti, Vittorio
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Article History
Received: 7 November 2025
Revised: 5 December 2025
Accepted: 13 January 2026
First Online: 22 January 2026
Competing interests
: RPG is a consultant to BeiGene Ltd., Fusion Pharma LLC, LaJolla NanoMedical Inc., Mingsight Parmaceuticals Inc., Kite Pharma and CStone Pharmaceuticals; Advisor to Antegene Biotech LLC, Medical Director and FFF Enterprises Inc.; Partner in AZACA Inc.; Board of Directors, RakFond Foundation for Cancer Research Support; Scientific Advisory Board, StemRad Ltd.
: The research was conducted in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. All subjects included in the Pavia-CSM database gave written informed consent approved by the IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation Institutional Ethics Committee. The Ethics Committee of the Hospital also approved a written informed consent for patients to donate samples for molecular research (reference number 20110004143 of the 26.9.2011).
